A data-intensive computing platform, encountered in some grid and cloud computing applications, includes numerous tasks that process, transfer or analysis large data  les. In such environments, there are large and geographically distributed users that need these huge data. Data management is one of the main challenges of distributed computing environment since data plays on devoted role. Dynamic data replication techniques have been widely applied to improve data access and availability. In order to introduce an appropriate data replication algorithm, there are four important problems that must be solved. 1) Which  le should be replicated; 2) How many suitable new replicas should be stored; 3) Where the new replicas should be placed; 4) Which replica should be deleted to make room for new copies. In this paper, we focus particularly on replica replace-ment issue which makes a signi cant di erence in the e ciency of replication algorithm. We survey

Textbooks play a pivotal role in language learning classrooms. The problem is that among a wide range of textbooks in market which is appropriate for a specific classroom and a group of learners. In order to evaluate ELT textbooks theorists and writers have offered different kinds of evaluative frameworks based on a number of principles and criteria. This study evaluates a series of ELT textbook, namely, American English File by the use of Littlejohn’s (1998) evaluative framework to see what explicit features of the book are, what pedagogic values it has, whether it is in line with its claimed objectives, and what its merits and demerits are. Littlejohn believes that we should evaluate a textbook based on its own pedagogic values and we should see what is in it not what teacher and evaluators think must exist in it. Consequently his framework is claimed to be devoid of any impressionistic ideas and it is in-depth and objective rather than being subjective. Nine ELT experts and ten ELT teachers helped the researcher rate the evaluative checklists. The results of the study show that although a number of shortcomings and drawbacks were found in American English File, it stood up reasonably well to a detailed and in-depth analysis and that its pedagogic values and positive attributes far out-weighed its shortcomings. The internal consistency between ratings was computed via the statistical tool of Cronbach’s alpha that indicated a desirable inter-rater reliability.

Purpose: This research aimed to test the influential factors that lead to the popularity of sportswear brands like Adidas AG in consumers from the perspective of physical education students. Methodology: The methodology utilized in this research was descriptive and based on a survey. The data collection tools used for brand popularity took from Carroll and Ahuvia (2006) questionnaires. The statistical population of the study included 457 students of physical education at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad. According to the Cochran formula, 210 samples were chosen by a simple random sampling method. The K-S test, T-test, and SEM were used for the confirmatory factor of data analysis. Findings: The results revealed a significant positive correlation of factors affecting brand popularity. The affection to a brand had a significant impact, while the attitude strength component had the most negligible influential effect on the popularity of a brand. Thus, sportswear apparel manufacturers may plan and apply these components to increase the popularity of their brand. The sportswear industry could improve along with brands increasing their market share in competitive markets through the affection of consumers and implementing other components of brand popularity. Originality: For the first time, the popularity of a reputable sports brand in the world has been investigated in Iran.

As important public urban spaces, parks can play a key role in addressing urbanization tensions, in particular nature-deficit disorders.This paper initially surveys theories regarding public urban spaces to determine factors affecting their popularity. On this basis, a knowledge based framework comprised of criteria and measures is developed for assessing the popularity and use of parks. This framework is then applied to major public parks in Tehran metropolitan area. It is hypothesized that employing this framework will contribute to a holistic urban knowledge including both explicit knowledge and tacit knowing. Factors affecting popularity and use of public parks are hence categorized as: (i) users’ socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics; (ii) the qualitative and quantitative aspects of parks in response to the user needs; (iii) management and design aspects of parks; and (iv) changes in function and use.